Concept
What a CDN Is and Why It Exists
What a CDN Is and Why It Exists
A Content Delivery Network is a globally distributed fleet of cache servers that sit between your users and your origin servers. Instead of every request travelling to a single origin (which might be in one region), users are served from a nearby edge server holding a cached copy of your content.
The Two Things a CDN Buys You
- Lower latency via geographic proximity — physics sets a floor on round-trip time. A request from Mumbai to a server in Virginia crosses ~13,000 km; even at the speed of light through fibre that is ~130 ms each way before any processing. An edge server 50 km away answers in single-digit milliseconds. Closer = faster, full stop.
- Origin offload — when the edge can answer from cache, the request never reaches your origin. A CDN with a high cache hit ratio can absorb 90%+ of traffic, slashing origin bandwidth, CPU, and cost — and shielding it from traffic spikes and floods.
What Belongs on a CDN
Classic candidates are static assets: images, CSS, JS bundles, fonts, video segments, PDF downloads. Modern CDNs also accelerate dynamic content (API responses, personalized pages) via edge logic, connection reuse to origin, and short-TTL caching. The mental model: push bytes as close to the user as possible, and reach the origin as rarely as possible.